![]() A main pipe filled with water (“the main”) runs from the pump house through the tunnel, connecting the pumping station to the section valves. A water tank (usually located outside the pumping station) supplies the FFS with the necessary flow of water. The station comprises high-pressure pumps, complete with control cabinets, pressure-booster pumps, a pressure-maintenance pump, filter units, along with piping and valves/fittings. The pumping station is located easily accessible outside of the tunnel. 2 shows a rough overview of the structure of a water-mist FFS in a tunnel. It is, therefore, a relatively uncomplicated apparatus. An FFS consists essentially of a pumping station, a piping system, nozzles and section valves. ![]() The general structure of a water-mist FFS is described here by way of example, in order to permit better discussion of the requirements for servicing and maintenance. Codes and standards are also examined, where they are applicable to FFS in tunnels.ġ Water-Mist FFS in Tunnels – System Structure Experience gained from installations completed in the past is taken as the basis for evaluation. The following provides an overview of the scope and costs of the servicing and maintenance of FFS. Water-mist FFS are also increasingly being installed in tunnels (Fig. Water mist as a fire-fighting technology has been standard equipment in very many sectors for many years now, for the protection of industrial facilities, buildings, trains and cruise ships, for example.
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